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Authors
Magrinelli, Francesca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-6245
Tesson, Christelle
Angelova, Plamena R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-9117
Rodriguez, Jose A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1813-1103
Scardamaglia, Annarita
O’Callaghan, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-6843
Lowe, Simon A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-0934
Salazar-Villacorta, Ainara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2687
Chung, Brian Hon-Yin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-5916
Jaconelli, Matthew https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1536-435X
Vona, Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-3447
Esteras, Noemi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-6131
Mammana, Angela
Shimazu, Junko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-6757
Kwong, Anna Ka-Yee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-1019
Courtin, Thomas
Alavi, Shahryar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-3423
Maroofian, Reza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-1542
Nirujogi, Raja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-8566
Severino, Mariasavina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4730-5322
Monfrini, Edoardo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-9234
Rocca, Clarissa
Lewis, Patrick A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-0489
Efthymiou, Stephanie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-9877
Buchert, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3326
Sofan, Linda https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9233-4458
Lis, Pawel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-7671
Pinon, Chloé https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0959-4705
Breedveld, Guido J.
Chui, Martin Man-Chun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0508-3055
Murphy, David
Pitz, Vanessa
Makarious, Mary B.
Baiardi, Simone
Volin, Marina
Cassar, Marlene
Hassan, Bassem A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-4908
Iftikhar, Sana
Bauer, Peter
Tinazzi, Michele
Svetel, Marina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-4865
Samanci, Bedia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-2329
Hanağası, Haşmet A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-4428
Bilgiç, Basar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-0856
Cavallieri, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-1982
Santangelo, Mario
Obeso, José A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-8613
Kurtis, Monica M.
Cogan, Guillaume
Kiziltan, Güneş https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-198X
Gül-Demirkale, Tuğçe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-9839
Tireli, Hülya
Yüksel, Gülbün A.
Yalçın-Cakmakli, Gül
Elibol, Bülent
Barišić, Nina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-1522
Ng, Earny Wei-Sen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1492-6044
Fan, Sze-Shing https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9143-788X
Hershkovitz, Tova https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1755-003X
Weiss, Karin
Alvi, Javeria Raza
Sultan, Tipu
Alkhawaja, Issam Azmi
Froukh, Tawfiq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-0733
Alrukban, Hadeel Abdollah E.
Anjum, Muhammad Nadeem
Saeed, Anjum
Cheema, Huma Arshad
Fauth, Christine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-6034
Schatz, Ulrich A. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6596-128X
Zöggeler, Thomas
Zech, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-9153
Stals, Karen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-7044
Varghese, Vinod
Gandhi, Sonia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-2661
Blauwendraat, Cornelis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-8111
Hardy, John A.
Di Fonzo, Alessio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-026X
Bonifati, Vincenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-1263
Haack, Tobias B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-4836
Bertoli-Avella, Aida M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-1877
Lesage, Suzanne https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-2601
Başak, Ayşe Nazlı https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-2517
Steinfeld, Robert
Parchi, Piero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-9524
Jepson, James E. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-2801
Alessi, Dario R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-9185
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Di Fonzo, Alessio
Brice, Alexis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0941-3990
Steller, Hermann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4577-4507
Abramov, Andrey Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-7235
Bhatia, Kailash P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-286X
Houlden, Henry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-7777
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF-023893)
American Parkinson Disease Association (1282403)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (BRC1287/TN/FM/101410)
Parkinson's UK (G-2401)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2024
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Competing interests
: Pr. A. Le. acts as a paid consultant for Serna Bio. Mo. M. Ku. has received speaking and lecture fees by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, the World Parkinson Coalition, BIAL, Zambon, Esteve, Consulting for Elsevier Health Iberica, BIAL, UCB and Gondola Medical Technologies as well as funding grants from Research and Innovation Quiron Salud and EU Horizon 2023. Vi. Bo. has received research grants from the Stichting ParkinsonFonds, a research grant from Alzheimer Nederland and honoraria from Elsevier Ltd, for serving as co-Editor-in-Chief of Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. Sa. If., Pe. Ba., and Ai. M. Be. are employed by CENTOGENE GmbH. Ka.P.Bh. receives royalties from publication of the Oxford Specialist Handbook Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders (Oxford University Press, 2008), of Marsden’s Book of Movement Disorders (Oxford University Press, 2012), and of Case Studies in Movement Disorders - Common and uncommon presentations (Cambridge University Press, 2017). Ka. P. Bh. has received honoraria/personal compensation for participating as consultant/scientific board member from Ipsen, Allergan, Merz and honoraria for speaking at meetings from Allergan, Ipsen, Merz, Sun Pharma, Teva, UCB Pharmaceuticals and from the American Academy of Neurology and the International Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Society. All remaining authors do not have competing financial or non-financial interests as defined by Nature Portfolio.
