Zyla, Dawid S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-469X
Della Marca, Roberta https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5955-4495
Lacarbonara, Davide
Niemeyer, Gele
Zipursky, Gillian
Di Clemente, Laura https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7849-9484
Verbruggen, Mare H. L.
van Dijk, Laura L. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-2738
Ceh, Oscar Martinez https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7242-8319
Jonathan-Trakht, Gabriella
Kalantarov, Gavreel
Acciani, Marissa
Laterza, Giulia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-9631
Vyshenska, Dariia
Leedale, Cameron
Pawlack, Emily https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0880-4994
Hastie, Kathryn M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-1210
Horvat, Branka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-7765
de Swart, Rik L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-8969
de Vries, Rory D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-0127
Greninger, Alexander L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0527
Niewiesk, Stefan
Ollmann Saphire, Erica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-7451
Porotto, Matteo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-9220
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI195589)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI190902)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R56AI183536)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI176833)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI181984)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI180456)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS105699)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS091263)
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Competing interests
: B.H., M.P., D.S.Z., and E.O.S. have a provisional patent related to the antibodies as passive immunotherapy. All the authors declare that they have no competing interests in relation to the work described in this manuscript.