Okuhiro, Yuki https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5253-5370
Ito, Sachiko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-7089
Watanabe, Keisuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-2549
Yan, Yue
Kumagai, Kazuhiro
Sato, Takahiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-167X
Kojima, Yasuhiro
Fujioka, Yuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9449-7462
Takahashi, Naoto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-3787
Kiyoi, Hitoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-9498
Maeda, Yuka
Kato, Takuma
Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-9807
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: H.N. received research funding and honoraria (lecture fee) from Ono Pharmaceutical, BMS, Chugai Pharmaceutical, BD Japan, Eisai and MSD; received honoraria (lecture fee) from Amgen; received research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Daiichi-Sankyo, Kyowa Kirin, Zenyaku Kogyo, Oncolys BioPharma, Debiopharma, Rakuten Medical, Gliead-Kite Pharma, Moderna, Asahi-Kasei, Sysmex, Fujifilm, SRL, Hitachi, Astellas Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Pharma, ARC Therapies, Meiji Seika Pharma, MiraBiologics, and RIKAKEN Holdings; and served as a founder and a scientific advisor of ARC Therapies and a scientific advisor of LTZ Therapeutics outside of this study. Y.M. and K.W. are founders and directors of ARC Therapies outside of this study. H.K. received research funding from FUJIFILM, Kyowa-Kirin, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Otsuka, Perseus Proteomics, Daiichi Sankyo, Abbvie, CURED, Astellas Pharma, Chugai, Zenyaku Kogyo, Nippon Shinyaku, Eisai, Takeda, Sumitomo Pharma, and Sanofi, and honoraria from Abbvie, Chugai, Astellas Pharma, and Novartis. N.T. received research funding from Asahi-Kasei Pharma Corporation, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Novartis, and Pfizer. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests.