Nadeem, Omar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-4277
Aranha, Michelle P.
Redd, Robert A.
Koontz, Michael
Matous, Jeffrey V.
Yee, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-7491
Zonder, Jeffrey A.
Kin, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-2374
Magidson, Sophie https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4225-135X
Lightbody, Elizabeth D.
Wu, Ting
Chabrun, Floris
Alberge, Jean-Baptiste https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-7294
Dutta, Ankit K.
Perry, Jacqueline
Sturtevant, Ashlee
Rahmat, Mahshid
Tsuji, Junko
Davie, Christine
Ricciardi, Caroline
Arters, Frances https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-2678
Marto, Marjorie
Bergeron, Amy
Rosenblatt, Jacalyn
O’Donnell, Elizabeth K.
Mouhieddine, Tarek H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-5978
Pantano, Lorena
Laubach, Jacob P.
Richardson, Paul G.
Getz, Gad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-0753
Trippa, Lorenzo
Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Romanos
Ghobrial, Irene M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-3092
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancer Research UK
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NCI | Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (R35CA263817)
Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Competing interests
: O.N. reports research support from Takeda and Janssen; advisory board participation for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Sanofi, Takeda, Kite and GPCR therapeutics; and honorarium from Pfizer. M.B. reports consultancy for Janssen, BMS, Takeda, Epizyme, Karyopharm, Menarini Biosystems, and Adaptive Biotechnology. A.J.Y reports consulting for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Prothena, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sebia, Takeda. Research funding to institution from Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi. P.G.R. is a consultant for Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Karyopharm, Oncopeptides, Regeneron, and Sanofi, and has received research support from Oncopeptides. T.H.M. reports consulting for Sanofi. G.G. is a consultant, current equity holder, and co-founder for Scorpion Therapeutics and Predicta Biosciences, is receiving research funds from IBM, Pharmacyclics, and is a holder of patents and royalties for SignatureAnalyzer-GPU (US 2021/0358574, published), MSMuTect and MSMutSig (US 11,608,533, issued), MSIDetect (US 2023/0332246, published), and POLYSOLVER (US 11,725,237, issued). None of these patents are related to this work. R.S-P. is a consultant, private equity holder, and co-founder of Predicta Biosciences. I.M.G. has consulted for Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Amgen, BioSkryb, Clinical Care Options, Curio Science, Sanofi, Janssen, Pfizer, Menarini Silicone Biosystems, Aptitude Health, GlaxoSmithKline, AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Window Therapeutics, and Regeneron. She has received honoraria or speaker fees from Vor Biopharma, Janssen, MJH Life Sciences, Novartis, Takeda, Amgen, Regeneron, Curio Science, Standard Biotools, and Physicians’ Education Resource. She is a founder and board member of and holds private equity in Predicta Biosciences. Her spouse is the chief medical officer of and holds private equity in Disc Medicine. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.