Cooper, Garrett W.
Lee, Benjamin P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-2211
Kim, Won Jun
Su, Yongdong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-8872
Chen, Victor Z.
Salas, Eliseo
Yang, Xiaoping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6811-4915
Lintner, Robert E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-7799
Piccioni, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1210-3210
Giacomelli, Andrew O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-0458
Howard, Thomas P.
Bagchi, Pritha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-9476
Conneely, Karen N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-6934
Root, David E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-861X
Liang, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-9228
Gumbart, James C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-7842
Hahn, William C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-9791
Gorkin, David U. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4944-4107
Biegel, Jaclyn A.
Chi, Susan N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-878X
Hong, Andrew L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-1667
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA289761)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA138292)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (F31CA278008)
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH1910281)
U.S. Department of Defense (HT9425-23-0609)
American Cancer Society (MRSG-18-202-01)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002378)
Wong Family Award in Translational Oncology and Team Lick Cancer
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008490)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM156741)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007739)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM148586)
Gouvernement du Canada | Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada | CIHR Skin Research Training Centre
CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship Award
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL168894)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD102534)
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Competing interests
: G.W.C. completed an internship with GRAIL, Inc in Summer 2024. R.E.L. is currently employed by RAN Biotechnologies. F.P. is a current employee of Merck Research Laboratories. D.E.R. receives research funding from members of the Functional Genomics Consortium (Abbvie, BMS, Jannsen, and Merck), and is a director of Addgene, Inc. W.C.H. is a consultant for Thermo Fischer, Solasta Ventures, KSQ Therapeutics, Frontier Medicines, Jubilant Therapeutics, RAPPTA Therapeutics, Serinus Biosciences, Kestral Therapeutics, Crane Biotherapeutics, Function Oncology, Perceptive, Biotherapeutics, Function Oncology and Calyx. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.