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Authors
Ruta, Anna
Krishnan, Kavita
Woo, JiWon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-9051
Mejías, Joscelyn C.
Gray-Gaillard, Elise F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-6556
Maestas, David R.
Nguyen, Helen Hieu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8015-5296
Rindone, Alexandra N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-5933
Cherry, Christopher
Patatanian, Michael
Yu, Frank Haoning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-3702
Yang, Brenda
Amelung, Connor
King, Christina D.
Schilling, Birgit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-2749
Gerecht, Sharon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-4835
Fertig, Elana J.
Davenport Huyer, Locke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-7122
Pardoll, Drew M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-1013
Elisseeff, Jennifer H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-1996
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (DP1AR076959)
National Science Foundation (DGE1746891)
National Science Foundation (DGE2139757)
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Competing interests
: A.R. is a consultant for Aegeria Soft Tissue. C.C. is the owner of C M Cherry Consulting. E.J.F. was on the scientific advisory board of Resistance Bio and a consultant for Mestag Therapeutics. D.M.P. is a consultant at Aduro Biotech, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Compugen, DNAtrix, Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Ervaxx, FLX Bio, Immunomic, Janssen, Merck, and Rock Springs Capital. D.M.P. holds equity in Aduro Biotech, DNAtrix, Ervaxx, Five Prime Therapeutics, Immunomic, Potenza, Trieza Therapeutics. D.M.P. is a member of the scientific advisory board for Bristol Myers Squibb, Camden Nexus II, Five Prime Therapeutics, and WindMil. D.M.P. is a member of the board of directors in Dracen Pharmaceuticals. J.H.E. holds equity in Unity Biotechnology and Aegeria Soft Tissue and is a consultant for Tessara. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
