Huang, Suichu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-8095
Yao, Kan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-2618
Wang, Hao
Ding, Xumin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-790X
Li, Feiran
Huang, Cong
Huang, Wentao
Zhao, Xuezheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-3897
Zheng, Yuebing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-9477
Pan, Yunlu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-7751
Funding for this research was provided by:
State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (SKLRS202505B)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62275063)
Temple Foundation Endowed Teaching Fellowship in Engineering #2
Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.