Gao, Hao-Cheng https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4026-0127
Xu, Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-5587
Cheng, Xi
Chen, Tailong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-9911
Bi, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-0985
Zheng, Yue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-1965
Li, Yilun https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6935-8840
Li, Yumian
Chubykin, Alexander A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-9296
Huang, Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-1799
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM119785)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH123401)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH123401)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH116500)
Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: H.C.G., F.X., and F.H. are inventors on a patent application submitted by Purdue University that covers the basic principles of 4Pi-BRAINSPOT. All other authors have no competing interests.