Yang, Xinliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-3759
Nadendla, Hari Babu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-7052
Fang, Changming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-7453
Nishi, Shunsuke
Matsuda, Tomoki
Kambara, Makoto
Tanaka, Toshimi
Dougakiuchi, Masashi
Tang, Fengzai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-0620
West, Geoffrey D.
Wang, Shihao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-2075
Ramasse, Quentin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-2283
Funding for this research was provided by:
Royal Society (IEC\R3\223022)
Royal Society (IEC\R3\223022)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W005042/1)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W005042/1)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W021080/1)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W021080/1)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JPJSBP120235704)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JPJSBP120235704)
MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJTR23R9)
MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (2024_21)
Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.