Ding, Qinghua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-0181
Shaw, Tiffany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-6810
Wang, Hailan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1041-0233
Baxter, Ian
Zhu, Jiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-5130
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Commerce | NOAA | Climate Program Office (NA23OAR4310273)
NSF | Directorate for Geosciences (OPP 2246601)
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.