Butler, Matthew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-8008
Ramnath, Raina R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-5081
Crompton, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-9020
Aldam, Jasmine
Gamez, Monica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-2123
Down, Colin
Heffer, Charley https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-782X
Neal, Chris
Li, Jialu
Qiu, Yan
Carey, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-4527
Skinner, Laura
Cross, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3565-0479
Yu, Yamaguchi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-281X
Sutak, Judit
Bills, Victoria
Welsh, Gavin I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-6658
Foster, Rebecca R.
Satchell, Simon C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5276-4537
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/W024187/1)
Diabetes UK (18/0005795)
Diabetes UK (18/0005795)
Kidney Research UK (002_20190917)
Kidney Research UK (RP_031_20180306)
Kidney Research UK (IN_004_20190305)
Kidney Research UK (KS_RO_002_20190917)
Kidney Research UK (RP_031_20180306)
British Heart Foundation (PG/22/11121)
British Heart Foundation (PG/20/7/34849)
British Heart Foundation (PG/22/11121)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R01 AR055670)
Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Competing interests
: A patent relating to the concepts outlined in this manuscript has been filed by the University of Bristol (application number GB2410240.2). M.J.B. and S.C.S. are named authors on the patent. M.J.B. and S.C.S. are cofounders of a university spin out company (Dimension Biotech) developing methods to routinely measure glycocalyx integrity. M.J.B. and S.C.S. own shares in this company. The remaining authors have no competing interests.