Baker, Matthew L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-8523
Johnson, Haley R. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3444-1910
Eckerty, Ryan A.
Fogg, Jonathan M.
Summers, Silvia L.
Vayssières, Marlène
Marechal, Nils
Lamour, Valérie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-4029
Olson, Wilma K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7803-1072
Zechiedrich, Lynn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-1637
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35 GM141793)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32 GM150582)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R24 GM153869)
Welch Foundation (AU-2178-20240404)
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Competing interests
: J.M.F. and L.Z. are co-inventors on several patents covering the minicircle technology and are shareholders in Twister Biotech, Inc. (rebranded as Velvet Therapeutics, Inc.). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.