Choo, Joan
Zhao, Joseph J.
Lau, Mai Chan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-4697
Raimondi, Alessandra
Yim, Willa Wen-You
Ranganathan, Sruthi
Zhu, Kexin
Tan, Crystal Tze Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-0657
Chin, Hui Xian
Teo, Chong Boon
Fong, Khi Yung
Tay, Ryan Yong Kiat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-411X
Lee, Jia-Ying Joey
Loo, Lit-Hsin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-9840
Manca, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3813-6339
Morano, Federica
Prisciandaro, Michele
Randon, Giovanni
Damonte, Camilla
Micarelli, Elisa
Leoni, Guido
Scarselli, Elisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-6713
Lonardi, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-8138
Cremolini, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-4841
Marmorino, Federica
Lim, Jeffrey Chun Tatt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-8843
Neo, Zhen Wei
Wee, Felicia
Chong, Li Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-4633
Joseph, Craig Ryan
Balachander, Akhila
Lim, Diana GS
Hwang, You Yi
Renia, Laurent
Biswas, Subhra Kumar
Tan, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-5262
Yeong, Joe P. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-7153
Sundar, Raghav https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9423-1368
Pietrantonio, Filippo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-8420
Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Competing interests
: R.S. reported attending advisory board meetings for Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Eisai, Bayer, Taiho, Novartis, MSD, GSK, DKSH, Astellas, Pierre-Fabre, Tavotek; receiving honoraria for talks from MSD, Eli Lilly, BMS, Roche, Taiho, Astra Zeneca, DKSH, Ipsen, Daiichi Sankyo, Beigene, Astellas; receiving travel support from Roche, Astra Zeneca, Taiho, Eisai, DKSH, Ipsen, Paxman Coolers, Cytomed Therapeutics; receiving research funding from Paxman Coolers, MSD, Natera, CytoMed Therapeutics and has patents pending with licensing to Paxman (US20230414444A1) and Auristone (WO2020130948A1) outside the submitted work. F.P. reported receiving institutional research grants from Lilly, BMS, Incyte, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Agenus, Rottapharm, Johnson&Johnson, personal honoraria as an invited speaker from BeiGene, Daiichi-Sankyo, Seagen, Astellas, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Servier, Bayer, Takeda, Johnson & Johnson, BMS, MSD, Amgen, Merck-Serono, Pierre-Fabre, Incyte, AstraZeneca, advisory/consultancy from BMS, MSD, Amgen, Pierre-Fabre, Johnson & Johnson, Servier, Bayer, Takeda, Astellas, GSK, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, BeiGene, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Rottapharm, Merck-Serono, Italfarmaco, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Agenus, AstraZeneca. AR reported receiving personal fees from Servier and MSD. FMorano reported research funding (to Institution) from Incyte; personal honoraria as invited speaker from Eli Lilly, Pierre Fabre and Servier. L.H.L., J.Y.J.L., J.P.S.Y., and J.C.T.L. are co-founders and shareholders of ImmunoQs Pte. Ltd. L.H.L. and J.Y.J.L. performed the multiplex image analyses as staff of ImmunoQs Pte. Ltd., and wrote and reviewed the image analysis methods as staff of BII, A*STAR, who originally developed the methods. All other authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare.