Choi, Hakkyum https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-3369
Kim, Seung-Sep https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-1332
Kim, Sookwan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-2295
Choi, Hyunggyu
Park, Yongcheol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-8381
Park, Sung-Hyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-4879
Davey, Fred J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-5290
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE24050, PE25050, PE26050)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2021-NR058630, RS-2025-25442707)
Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (RS-2024-00341602)
Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.