Rodriguez-Rios, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-1603
Craigon, Conner https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-6876
Nakasone, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-191X
Sathe, Gajanan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-5365
Bond, Adam G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-1032
Dorward, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-0926
Edmonds, Anthony K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-1951
Norley, Mark C.
Arnold, Robert E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-222X
Wood, Paul M.
Reynolds, Stephen J.
Cresser-Brown, Joel O.
Marsh, Graham P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-5145
Maple, Hannah J.
Ciulli, Alessio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-1670
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Medicines Initiative (Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 875510 (EUbOPEN project))
Tocris (a Bio-Techne brand) as sponsored research funding to A.C. PhD studentship from the Medical Research Scotland (MRS)
Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing financial interest: A.C. is a scientific founder and shareholder of Amphista Therapeutics, a company that develops targeted protein degradation therapeutic platforms. A.C. is on the Scientific Advisory Board of ProtOS Bio and TrimTECH Therapeutics. The Ciulli laboratory receives or has received sponsored research support from Almirall, Amgen, Amphista Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai, Merck KGaA, Nurix Therapeutics, Ono Pharmaceutical and Bio-Techne (Tocris). A.K.E., M.C.N., R.E.A., P.M.W., S.J.R., J.O.C.-B., G.P.M., and H.J.M. are employees of Bio-Techne (Tocris). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.