Pröschel, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-9547
Zhang, Yunjia
Chen, Ming
Star, Kurt E.
Zavanelli, Duncan
Bux, Sabah K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-354X
Snyder, G. Jeffrey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-8682
Dunand, David C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5476-7379
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (PO 200136011//DE-EE0009104)
U.S. Department of Energy (PO 200136011//DE-EE0009104)
U.S. Department of Energy (PO 200136011//DE-EE0009104)
U.S. Department of Energy (PO 200136011//DE-EE0009104)
U.S. Department of Energy (PO 200136011//DE-EE0009104)
U.S. Department of Energy (PO 200136011//DE-EE0009104)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Competing interests
: D.C.D. discloses a financial interest in Metalprinting, Inc. (South Korea) which is active in ink-based materials printing. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.