Song, Yexuan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8316-4293
Gill, Ivan
MacPherson, Ailene
Colijn, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-6708
Funding for this research was provided by:
Public Health Agency of Canada (2223-HQ-000265)
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CANMOD, the Canadian Network for Modelling Infectious Disease, 560516-2020)
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CRC-2021-00276)
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2022-03113)
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2019-06624)
Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
the Canada’s 150 Research Chair program
Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 11 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.