Wang, Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-2328
Wang, Qianli
Wymant, Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-8226
Zou, Junyi
Yi, Lan
Xu, Meng
Hay, James A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-1844
Yu, Hongjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-5648
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2025ZD01901300)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M750556)
Wellcome Trust (225001/Z/22/Z)
Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 15 May 2026
Competing interests
: H.Y. has received research funding from Sanofi Pasteur, Shenzhen Sanofi Pasteur Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai Roche Pharmaceutical Company, and SINOVAC Biotech Ltd. None of the research funding is related to this work. J.A.H. has received consulting fees from GLG (Gerson Lehrman Group, Inc). All other authors report no competing interests.