Zhou, Ze https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4522-182X
Cooper, Wendy N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-9982
Cheng, Zhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-240X
Lightowlers, Sara
Coles, Charlotte E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-8552
Roshan, Amit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-2759
Rosenfeld, Nitzan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-4788
Zhao, Hui https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2818-2911
Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Competing interests
: Z.Z., N.R., and H.Z. are inventors on a patent application entitled “Methods of cancer detection” (Application No. GB2520112.0), which relates to the detection of cancer in cell-free DNA and is not directly described in this manuscript. The patent is managed by Cancer Research Horizons in accordance with its policies. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.