Hubbard, Brandon T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-4752
Ma, Yumin
Gaspar, Rafael C.
LaMoia, Traci E.
Zhang, Dongyan
Kahn, Mario
Dufour, Sylvie
Nasiri, Ali
Shulman, Gerald I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-5668
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK133143)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RC2DK120534)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U2CDK134901)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK134901)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F30DK131846)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F31DK12632)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK034989)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF25SA0106990)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM136651)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.