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Funding for this research was provided by:
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Foundation Grant)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-183926)
University of British Columbia (Killiam Professorship)
Michael Smith Health Research BC Scholar Award
Article History
Received: 5 July 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Competing interests
: OL is co-founder of ARMR Sciences (formerly Ovax, Inc), a company that develops protective therapeutics against opioid overdose. He is a named inventor on patents held by Boston Children’s Hospital relating to human in vitro model systems and small molecule adjuvants. He is a consultant to and receives sponsored research support from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.