Xu, Luo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-4663
Lin, Ning https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-1606
Perera, A. T. D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-8874
Spaulding, Aaron C.
Wang, Zhecheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-3267
Oppenheimer, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-5914
Blackshaw, Christine Y.
Poor, H. Vincent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Sustainability of Our Planet fund of Princeton University. Princeton's Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment
National Science Foundation (2103754)
National Science Foundation (2103754)
National Science Foundation (2103754)
Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 6 May 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.