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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: S.R. has consulted for Amgen, Inc. E.K.S. received institutional grant support from Bayer and Northpond Laboratories over the past 3 years. Y.C. provided consultancy services to Need and Bayer for work outside the scope of the manuscript. M.H.C. has received grant support from Bayer and Genentech, and consulting fees from Apogee Therapeutics and BMS, unrelated to the current work. L.M.R. is a consultant for the TOPMed Administrative Coordinating Center (through Westat). S.S.R. is a consultant for Westat, the Administrative Coordinating Center for the NHLBI TOPMed program. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.