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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 15 May 2026

First Online: 29 May 2026

Competing interests

: This work was partially funded by Meihua Holdings Group. T.W., P.G., and Z.C. are employed by Meihua Holdings Group, which manufactures the products discussed in this paper. The authors declare that six patent applications related to this work have been filed by Meihua Holdings Group, on Y. J., F.H.Q., B.B.S., S.Q.Y., S.Y., T.W., and J.J.Y. are listed as inventors. Y.J., F.H.Q., B.B.S., and T.W. have submitted a patent application to China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) pertaining to the E1.0 aspect of this work (application number CN2022102484719). S.Y., B.B.S. S.Q.Y, Y.J., F.H.Q., and T.W. have submitted a patent application to CNIPA pertaining to the alaE variants aspect of this work (application number CN2024118552908). S.Y., S.Q.Y., Y.J., F.H.Q., J.J.Y., and T.W. have submitted a patent application to CNIPA pertaining to the thrA variants aspect of this work (application number PCT/CN2025/142665). S.Y., S.Q.Y, Y.J., F.H.Q., B.B.S. and T.W. have submitted a patent application to CNIPA pertaining to the nagA loss-of-function mutation aspect of this work (application number CN2024118547810). S.Y., S.Q.Y., Y.J., J.J.Y, F.H.Q. and T.W. have submitted a patent application to CNIPA pertaining to the lrp variant aspect of this work (application number CN2024118459504). S.Y., S.Q.Y., Y.J., J.J.Y, F.H.Q. and T.W. have submitted a patent application to CNIPA pertaining to the leuDH variant aspect of this work (application number CN2024118454125). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.