Zhang, Yiwen https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9718-9752
Zhao, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-3786
Chakraborty, TC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-3525
Mazumdar, Priyam
Zhang, Keer
Gentine, Pierre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8345
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC25K7322)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC24K0505)
National Science Foundation (2145362)
DOE | Office of Science
Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.