Liu, Ziyuan
He, Dongmei
Zhang, Zuolin
Zhang, Kun https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5242-2131
Tang, Ziyi
Gong, Shaokuan
He, Xilai
Liu, Xinxing
Shai, Xuxia
Yu, Yue
Zhang, Jiajia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-1360
Chen, Xihan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-2549
Li, Xuanhua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-3567
Wang, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-1785
Chen, Cong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-6791
Yi, Jianhong
Chen, Jiangzhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-7217
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62274018)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52462031)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52503233)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62564007)
Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Competing interests
: A Chinese patent application (CN202511692769.9) was submitted by J.C., Z.L., and D.H., which covers the fabrication of NiO x nanoparticles by low temperature chemical precipitation. All other authors declare no competing interests.