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Authors
Nam, Kisung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7317-092X
Eom, Byeong Soo
Kim, June Yeon
Lee, Moon Geon
Lee, Jeong-Min
Lee, Kyeongho
Cha, Jae-Kook https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-7209
Kim, Jin Man https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4751-7125
Lee, Seunggeun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-3878
Kim, Sung-Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-0403
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00210013)
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Competing interests
: S.-J.K., J.-M.K., and S.G.L. are listed as inventors on a Korean patent application (application number 10-2025-0123762) filed by Seoul National University R&DB Foundation, relating to the use of retinoic acid as a biomarker for inflammatory oral diseases. The patent application is pending. The application was filed after the initial submission of this manuscript. The other authors declare no competing interests.
