Yan, Gangbin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-9063
Ombrini, Pierfrancesco
Tang, Zhichu
Pathak, Shakul
Wang, Maoyu
Lavina, Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-7916
Vasileiadis, Alexandros https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-7936
Choi, Suin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9193-4548
Wang, Mingzhan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-9769
Ying, Dongchen
Li, Qizhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-4578
Alp, Esen E.
Zhou, Hua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9642-8674
Bazant, Martin Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-4501
Chen, Qian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-441X
Wagemaker, Marnix https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-1044
Liu, Chong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-7888
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | Office of Science (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
Article History
Received: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 30 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.