Yin, Haoyu
Xie, Chenghan
Dai, Yunbo
Cao, Ziming https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7604-8754
Ao, Shun https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8467-0505
Wu, Wenjia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-7666
Zhou, Zongyao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-2330
Ma, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-5547
Logan, Bruce E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-8070
Wu, Zhongbiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5971
Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Competing interests
: A Chinese patent “An acid-alkali hybrid fuel cell with dual-electrode hydrogen production” (No. ZL202511206323.0) based on this work (polarization test of the AAHE-CEM system) has been granted by inventors Z.W., H.Y., L.S., Z.C. and S.A with applicant of Zhejiang University. The other authors declare no competing interests.