Jeffrey, Mark
Bartholdson Scott, Josefin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-4446
Mazumdar, Shyamanova https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9692-9562
White, Richard J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-412X
Higginson, Ellen
Maes, Mailis
Forrest, Sally
Pereira-Dias, Joana
Parmar, Surendra
Heasman-Hunt, Emma
Curran, Martin D.
Polgarova, Petra
Herre, Jurgen
Wauters, Els
Lambrechts, Diether https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-302X
Van Mol, Pierre
Jacobs, Cato
Wauters, Joost https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-3897
Davenport, Emma E.
Baker, Stephen
Dougan, Gordon
Navapurkar, Vilas
Conway Morris, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3211-3216
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (WT 2055214/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (220540/Z/20/A)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/V006118/1)
LifeArc
CUH | Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust, Cambridge University Hospitals (ACT 900361)
Forster Foundation, RAWLINSON & HUNTER 6 NEW STREET SQUARE LONDON EC4A 3AQ
RCUK | MRC | Medical Research Foundation (MR W006650/1)
Stichting Tegen Kanker
FWO, Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VR 20162312 Doc.1512/4)
Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Article History
Received: 20 September 2024
Accepted: 2 June 2026
First Online: 23 June 2026
Competing interests
: M.D.C. is the inventor on a patent held by the Secretary of State for Health (UK government) EP2788503, which covers some of the genetic sequences used in this study. V.N. is a founder, director, and shareholder in Cambridge Infection Diagnostics (CID) which is a commercial company aimed at developing molecular diagnostics in infection and antimicrobial and AMR stewardship. A.C.M. and S.B. are members of the Scientific Advisory Board of CID. A.C.M. has received speaking fees from Boston Scientific, Biomerieux and ThermoFisher. J.W. received investigator-initiated grants, travel grants and speaker’s fees from Pfizer, MSD, and Gilead and has received a speaker’s fee from Mundipharma and Astra Zeneca, all outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.