Zhao, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-2962
Ge, Bin
Feng, Xiangyu
Nie, Yanjie
Zhu, Pengzhe
Zhang, Yajie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-1040
Wu, Wei
Li, Xueyuan
Wang, Yongfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-3189
Shi, Yijun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-7880
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20114)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52275170)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2522001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22572002)
State Key Laboratory of Tribology (SKLTKF24A05)
National Key R&D Program of China
Vetenskapsrådet (Project no. 2023–04962)
Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 11 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.