Su, Jinfu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9308-3630
Tong, Xiaodan
Jiang, Yanan
Li, Yu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5392-8917
Yan, He
Liu, Yan
Wang, Yanwei
Su, Xiaorui
Sun, Zhe
Wang, Mengyue
Xia, Ningshao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-5266
Bostina, Mihnea
Li, Shaowei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-1038
Pang, Wenqiang
Zheng, Qingbing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7516-9965
Tian, Kegong
Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: Xiaodan Tong, Wenqiang Pang, and Kegong Tian are inventors on patent application CN202410556985X, entitled “Cap protein of porcine circovirus type 3 and related products,” which relates to the PCV3 VLP vaccine candidate described in this study. The patent application is owned by Kegong Tian, Xiaodan Tong, Wenqiang Pang, and Xuke Zhang. Pulike Biological Engineering, Inc. and Luoyang Huizhong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. are developing the PCV3 VLP vaccine candidate described in this study and have completed preliminary veterinary clinical/field evaluation of this candidate. Xiaodan Tong, He Yan, Yan Liu, Yanwei Wang, Xiaorui Su, Zhe Sun, Mengyue Wang, Wenqiang Pang, and Kegong Tian are employees of or affiliated with Pulike Biological Engineering, Inc., and may participate in the future commercial development of the PCV3 VLP vaccine candidate. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.