Kuan, Pei-Fen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7861-916X
Mann, Frank D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-0620
Yang, Xiaohua
Kotov, Roman
Clouston, Sean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-0329
Ilkayeva, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-0883
Muehlbauer, Michael
Newgard, Christopher B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-691X
Luft, Benjamin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-7004
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 OH012466)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 OH012257)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (75D30122c15522)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21 AG081480)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK124723)
Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 20 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.