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Authors
Kuang, Zhiling
Kosmyna, Brian
Li, Xueni
Tang, Zhichao
Shi, Shasha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-509X
Lambert, Karoline
Zhang, Wenzheng
Giovinazzo, Joseph
Effenberger, Kerstin A.
Sierra, Jairo
Ying, Lanqing
Barraza, Scott J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-1780
Li, Wencheng
Wang, Jingxin
Trotta, Christopher R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-0133
Zhao, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-2974
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM145289)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM147498)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS142950)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 14 June 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: R.Z. is a member of the scientific advisory board for Remix Therapeutics. B.K., K.A.E., J.S., L.Y., S.J.B., W.L., C.R.T. are present employees of PTC Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company. In connection with such employment, the authors received salary, benefits and stock-based compensation, including stock options, restricted stock, other stock-related grants and the right to purchase discounted stock through PTC’s employee stock purchase plan.
