Andronov, Leonid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4213-5363
Han, Mengting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-2470
Balaji, Ashwin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-4203
Zhu, Yanyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-976X
Qi, Lei S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-3223
Moerner, W. E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-209X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35-GM118067)
Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 11 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: W.E.M. is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Double-Helix Optics. L.S.Q. is a founder of Epicrispr Biotechnologies, and these activities are unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.