Wang, Xiaoying
Duan, Maoteng
Snyder, Anthony J.
Su, Po-Lan
Li, Jianying
Krull, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-8085
Jin, Jiacheng https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6744-2115
Xu, Yang
Sun, Yuhan
Chen, Hu
Wu, Weidong https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7500-1163
Chen, Weiqing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-9210
He, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-9297
Zhang, Chi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-0925
Cao, Sha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8645-848X
Zhao, Jing
Xu, Dong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-0514
Wang, Guangyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-7200
Li, Lang
Xin, Gang
Carbone, David P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-1921
Li, Zihai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-927X
Carpenter, Richard L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-6493
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM152585)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NCI | Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (P01CA278732)
Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 1 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: Q.M. and X.W. are inventors on a patent application related to the methods described in this paper (PCT International Application No. PCT/US2025/056344, International Publication No. WO2026112293, filed 20 November 2025 by Ohio State Innovation Foundation; title: Systems and Methods for Metastatic Cell Detection and Risk Prediction). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.