Nie, Haoran https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9234-1575
Chen, Xiwen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-8279
Li, Xiyue https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7183-1255
Ma, Zongyi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0211-1369
Zhang, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-345X
Tsui, Ophelia K. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5987-2733
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (N_HKUST623/21)
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (16300824)
William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology
William Institute of Nano Science and Technology
Article History
Received: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.