Hope, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-5538
Punch, Emma
Cook, Nicola J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-7976
Singer, Matthew R.
Joshi, Dhira https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-2528
Singh, Parmit K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-2526
Nans, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-2447
Sweeney, Nathan P.
Vanderlinden, Willem
Engelman, Alan N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-2591
Cherepanov, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-538X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U54AI170791)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U54AI170791)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI039394)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (CC2058)
Wellcome Trust (CC2058)
Cancer Research UK (CC2058)
Royal Society of Edinburgh (5624)
Royal Society (RGS\R2\242466)
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 18 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.