Weiss, Trevor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-0802
Kamalu, Maris https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8008-7196
Shi, Honglue https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-1652
Li, Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-7851
Amerasekera, Jasmine
Zhong, Zhenhui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-0375
Adler, Benjamin A.
Song, Michelle M. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4200-5774
Vohra, Kamakshi
Wirnowski, Gabriel https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3860-1506
Chitkara, Sidharth https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0807-2186
Ambrose, Charlie
Steinmetz, Noah
Sridharan, Ananya
Sahagun, Diego
Banfield, Jillian F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-8771
Doudna, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-999X
Jacobsen, Steven E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-138X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027, 2334027)
Article History
Received: 13 August 2024
Accepted: 22 March 2025
First Online: 22 April 2025
Competing interests
: T.W., M.K, J.A., Z.L., H.S., B.A.A., J.A.D. and S.E.J. have filed a patent (no. WO/2025/007023, 2025) covering aspects of this work. S.E.J. is a cofounder and consultant for Inari Agriculture and a consultant for Terrana Biosciences, Invaio Sciences, Sail Biomedicines, Six Street and Zymo Research. The Regents of the University of California have patents issued and pending for CRISPR technologies on which J.A.D. is an inventor. J.A.D. is a cofounder of Azalea Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Evercrisp, Scribe Therapeutics and Mammoth Biosciences. J.A.D. is a scientific advisory board member at Evercrisp, Caribou Biosciences, Scribe Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, The Column Group and Inari. She is also an advisor for Aditum Bio. J.A.D. is Chief Science Advisor to Sixth Street, a Director at Johnson & Johnson, Altos and Tempus, and has a research project sponsored by Apple Tree Partners. The other authors declare no competing interests.