Gu, Shaohua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5747
Wang, Nanqi
Zheng, Yiran
Wang, Tianqi
Shen, Qirong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-2506
Zhang, Fusuo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-0129
Kümmerli, Rolf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-6679
Wei, Zhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-4897
Zuo, Yuanmei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-5788
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372810)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42577142)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32573128)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42325704)
Swiss National Science Foundation | National Center of Competence in Research Affective Sciences - Emotions in Individual Behaviour and Social Processes (310030_212266)
Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.