Mazurel, Danuta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1391
Carda-Diéguez, Miguel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-0321
Langenburg, Thomas
Žiemytė, Miglė
Johnston, William
Martínez, Carlos Palazón
Albalat, Fernando
Llena, Carmen
Al-Hebshi, Nezar http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-9304
Culshaw, Shauna
Mira, Alex http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-3877
Rosier, Bob T. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3267-6561
Article History
Received: 14 February 2023
Accepted: 5 June 2023
First Online: 17 June 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: A.M. and B.T. Rosier are coinventors in a pending patent application owned by the FISABIO Institute, which protects the use of nitrate as a prebiotic and certain nitrate-reducing bacteria as probiotics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: All donors gave informed consent prior to sample collection. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Valencia (Spain) (H1547805836517). This study was carried out according to the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki.