Lan, Li-Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-5335
Liu, Tai-Cong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-6259
Gao, Shao-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-6485
Li, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-731X
Yang, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1654-4806
Fei, Han-Lan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-5829
Zhong, Xu-Kai
Wang, Yu-Xin
Zhu, Chang-Yue
Abel, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-1739
Kappeler, Peter M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-487X
Huang, Li-Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-7920
Fan, Peng-Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-5727
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201269)
Article History
Received: 9 July 2024
Accepted: 6 January 2025
First Online: 14 February 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Methods of noninvasive fecal sample collection were applied, keeping the gibbons from direct disturbance and contact, and thus no review from the Chinese ethics committee was required. This work was approved by the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, Mt. Wuliang National Nature Reserve, Mt. Gaoligong National Nature Reserve, and adheres to Sun Yat-sen University and the American Society of Primatologists’ Principles for the Ethical Treatment of Nonhuman Primates.