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Authors
Sommer, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7798-6435
Skarlupka, Joseph H.
Teseo, Serafino
Otani, Saria
Suen, Garret https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-711X
Coon, Kerri L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-5195
Sapountzis, Panagiotis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-3918
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
MICA starting grant
USDA AFRI Education and Workforce Development Predoctoral Fellowship
Presidential Postdoctoral fellowship
United States Department of Agriculture | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (WIS04039)
Wisconsin Dairy Innovation Hub grant
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2024
Accepted: 16 March 2025
First Online: 19 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study exclusively involved coprophagous muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and did not involve any vertebrates or higher invertebrates. All procedures, including anesthesia and dissection, were conducted in accordance with standard ethical guidelines for invertebrate research. As Muscidaeare not classified as higher invertebrates or regulated animals under institutional or national guidelines, no formal ethical approval was required.
