Vázquez-Castellanos, Jorge Francisco
Maciel, Lucas Ferreira
Wauters, Lucas
Gregory, Ann
Van Oudenhove, Lukas
Geboers, Karlien
Verbeke, Kristin
Smokvina, Tamara
Tack, Jan
Vanuytsel, Tim
Derrien, Muriel
Raes, Jeroen
Article History
Received: 25 September 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Competing interests
: T.S. and M.D. were employees of Danone at the time of this project. T.S., L.W., L.V.O., T.V. are inventors of a patent on the effect of L. rhamnosus on stress (WO2020250040A1). M.D is inventor of a patent on the effect of L. rhamnosus on gut microbiome (WO2015159125A1). L.V.O. has served as a consultant for Danone, Nestlé, and The Akkermansia Company, and received research funding from Nestlé. T.V. has served as a consultant for Danone. J.R. is inventor on the patent application PCT/EP2018/084920 in the name of VIB VZW, KAtholieke Universiteit Leuven, KU Leuven Research and Development and Vrije Universiteit Brussel. J.R. received research funding from Danone. The other authors declare no competing interests.