Zhang, Mingyi
Wang, Xiaochen
Yao, Hui
Shen, Ying
Teng, Yang
Garber, Paul A.
Pan, Huijuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-6270
Li, Ming
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32330015, 31821001, 32070404)
Article History
Received: 10 October 2024
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Methods of noninvasive fecal sample collection were applied, keeping the golden snub-nosed monkeys from direct disturbance and contact, and thus no review from the ethics committee was required. All experimental procedures and protocols in this study were approved by the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the study was authorized by Shennongjia National Park and Beijing Wildlife Park.