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Authors
Black, Naomi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-606X
Henderson, Ian
Quenby, Siobhan
Odendaal, Joshua
MacIntyre, David A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme, an MRC and NIHR Partnership ((Reference: 17/60/22).)
Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme, an MRC and NIHR Partnership ((Reference: 17/60/22).)
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Competing interests
: N.B., I.H., S.Q. and J.O. have no competing interests to declare. D.A.M. holds a patent for the use of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 in the prevention of preterm birth (US63/151474).
