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Authors
Gimeno-Molina, Belen
Correia, Gonçalo dos Santos
Ng, Sherrianne
Lee, Yun S.
Bayar, Erna
Love, Ryan L.
Zhao, Sihao
Mountain, Katherine E.
Teoh, TG
Brown, Richard G.
David, Anna L.
Lewis, Holly V.
Terzidou, Vasso
Botto, Marina
Kropf, Pascale
MacIntyre, David A.
Bennett, Phillip R.
Sykes, Lynne
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
March of Dimes
Parasol Foundation and Imperial Health Charity
Rosetrees Trust
NIHR BRC
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Competing interests
: P.R.B. and D.A.M. hold a patent regarding Lactobacillus crispatus composition for use in pregnant subjects. International application number: PCT/GB2022/050453. International publication number: WO 2022/175680. P.R.B., H.V.L. and D.A.M. hold a patent for rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectroscopy (REIMS) and desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy (DESI-MS) analysis of swabs and biopsy samples. International application number: PCT/GB2016/050621. International publication number: WO2016142691A1. P.R.B., D.A.M. and G.d.S.C. has a patent application on metabolic signatures for the prediction of mucosal inflammation and microbial composition. International application number: PCT/GB2022/051833. International publication number: WO2023285832. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
