Alder, Laura http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-4094
Trapani, Dario http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-9560
Bradbury, Claire http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-9111
Van Swearingen, Amanda E. D.
Tolaney, Sara M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-8671
Khasraw, Mustafa
Anders, Carey K.
Lascola, Christopher D.
Hsu, Liangge
Lin, Nancy U.
Sammons, Sarah http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-9422
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kiki Fund for Breast Cancer Leptomeningeal Metastases Research Translating Duke Health
Article History
Received: 12 September 2022
Accepted: 1 March 2023
First Online: 30 March 2023
Competing interests
: SMT reports a consulting or advisory board role for Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Genentech/Roche, Eisai, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle Genetics, Odonate Therapeutics, CytomX Therapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo, Athenex, Gilead, Mersana, Certara, Chugai Pharma, Ellipses Pharma, Infinity, 4D Pharma, OncoSec Medical Inc., BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals, OncXerna, Zymeworks, Zentalis, Blueprint Medicines, Reveal Genomics, ARC Therapeutics, Myovant, Zetagen, Umoja Biopharma, Menarini/Stemline, Aadi Bio and Bayer; and reports institutional research funding from Genentech/Roche, Merck, Exelixis, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, AstraZeneca, NanoString Technologies, Cyclacel, Nektar, Gilead, Sanofi and Seattle Genetics. MK reports research funding paid to their institution from BMS, AbbVie, Biontech, Astellas, Celldex, Daiichi Sankyo and CNS pharmaceuticals; and honoraria from George Clinical, Voyager Therapeutics, Johnson and Johnson, and the Jax lab for genomic research. CKA reports research funding paid to their institution from PUMA, Lilly, Merck, Seattle Genetics, Nektar, Tesaro, G1-Therapeutics, ZION, Novartis, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Elucida; honoraria from Genentech, Eisai, IPSEN, Seattle Genetics, Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Immunomedics, Elucida, and Athenex; and royalties from Uptodate.com and Jones and Bartlett Publishing Company. NUL reports institutional research funding from Genentech, Merck, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, AstraZeneca, Zion Pharmaceuticals, and Olema Pharmaceuticals; consultant/advisory board work for Puma, Seattle Genetics, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Prelude Therapeutics, Denali Therapeutics, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Aleta BioPharma, Affinia Therapeutics, Voyager Therapeutics, Janssen and BluePrint Therapeutics; stock and other ownership interests in Artera, Inc. (<$50k and <5% as it relates to consulting activities - options are not currently valued or in-hand); and royalties from UpToDate (book). SS declares research funding to their institution from Astra Zeneca, Abbvie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, SEAGEN, and Sermonix; and consulting fees from Foundation Medicine, Astra Zeneca, Daichii Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sermonix and Novartis. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: All relevant ethical regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki, were observed. Patients at DFCI provided written informed consent to participate in an Institutional Review Boards (IRB)-approved registry study (IRB #20–482), including publication of this case series. Patients at Duke were included by an IRB-approved waiver of consent for this case series (IRB #Pro00106347). Data was extracted from patients’ electronic medical records and entered into a secure, patient deidentified database.