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Article History

Received: 6 January 2023

Accepted: 24 May 2023

First Online: 8 June 2023

Competing interests

: L.L. has served on the advisory boards for: Lilly, Exact Sciences, AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo; has received consulting fee from: Exact Sciences; honoraria for speakers’ bureaus from: Gilead, Exact Sciences and EISAI; support for travel, accommodations, expenses from: Lilly and Gilead. G.V. has served on the advisory boards for Gilead; has received honoraria for speakers’ bureaus from Novartis, Lilly; support for travel, accommodations, expenses from: Lilly and Pfizer. M.G. has served on the advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Daichii Sankyo, Exact Sciences, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Seagen; has received travel grants from Roche, Celgene, Pfizer and research funding (to the institution) from Novartis and AstraZeneca. G.C. has received honoraria for speaker’s engagement from: Roche, Seagen, Novartis, Lilly, Pfizer, BMS, Merck; honoraria for providing consultancy from: Roche, Seagen; honoraria for participating in Advisory Board: Roche, Lilly, Pfizer, Foundation Medicine, Seagen, Novartis, Astra Zeneca, Daichii Sankyo; honoraria for writing engagement from: Novartis, BMS; honoraria for participation in Ellipsis Scientific Affairs Group; Institutional research funding for conducting phase I and II clinical trials: Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, Celgene, Servier, Orion, AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, AbbVie, Tesaro, BMS, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp Dome, Janssen-Cilag, Philogen, Bayer, Medivation, Medimmune. M.C.M. has received consulting fee from: Pfizer, Genentech, Astra Zeneca, Lilly, Novartis, Exact Sciences. L.D.M. has received personal fees from Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Exact Sciences, Pierre Fabre, Daiichi Sankyo, Astra zeneca, Seagen, Eisai, Ipsen and Gilead, F.P. has received honoraria for speakers’ bureaus/consultancy/advisory board from: Amgen, Exact Sciences, Pierre-Fabre, Gilead, Pfizer, Celgene, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, Ipsen, Seagen, Takeda, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Roche, Eisai, Viatris; research funding from AstraZeneca, Roche, Eisai. F.M. has received personal fees from Novartis, Astra Zeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, MSD, Pfizer, Roche and PUMA. C.V. has served on the advisory boards for Novartis; has received travel grants from: Lilly, Novartis, Istituto Gentili, Roche, Pfizer; research grants from Roche. L.P. has received consulting fees and honoraria from Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Merck, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Eisai, Pieris, Immunomedics, Seattle Genetics, Clovis, Syndax, H3Bio, and Daiichi. A.G. has served on the advisory boards for Pfizer. C.C. has received honoraria for speakers’ bureaus/consultancy/advisory board from: Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Lilly, MSD, Seagen, Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca. G.B. has received consulting fee from Roche, AstraZeneca, Novartis, MSD, Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, and Exact Sciences; honoraria for speakers’ bureaus from Roche, Pfizer, Astra- Zeneca, Lilly, Novartis, Neopharm Israel, MSD, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, EISAI, and Exact Sciences; support for travel, accommodations, expenses from Roche, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca; is co-inventor of ‘European patent Application N. 12195182.6 and 12196177.5 titled “PDL-1 expression in anti-HER2 therapy” -Roche- Issued (no compensation provided); has served on the advisory boards for Pfizer, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Genomic Health, EISAI, Gilead, Seagen.