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Article History

Received: 23 June 2024

Accepted: 1 February 2025

First Online: 7 March 2025

Competing interests

: I. Zerdes: Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: Novartis. Financial Interests (Institutional), Research Grant: Gilead; A. Matikas: Financial Interests, Institutional, Coordinating PI, International co-PI of academic trial ARIADNE (EU CT: 2022-501504-95-00): AstraZeneca, Novartis, Veracyte; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role: Veracyte. Invited Speaker: Roche, Seagen. M. Ignatiadis: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Novartis; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Independent Monitoring Committee: Seattle Genetics; Financial Interests, Institutional, Coordinating PI: Pfizer, Roche, Natera, Inivata, Rejuveron; Non-Financial Interests, Officer: EORTC; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Travel Grants: Roche, Gilead. D. Rimm: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: AstraZeneca, Cell Signaling Technology, Cepheid, Danaher, Daiichi Sankyo, Konica/Minolta, Lilly, Merck, Nanostring, PAIGE.AI, Regeneron, Roche; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: NextCure, Regeneron, Sanofi, Verily; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other: Cepheid, Navigate Biopharma, NextCure, Konica/Minolta; Financial Interests, Personal, Royalties: Rarecyte. D.A. Cameron: Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board: Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, SeaGen, Synthon, Zymeworks; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Has done advisory boards, spoken at a webinar and involved in a manuscript with Lilly - all recompense to my institution: Lilly; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Have done advisory boards and been involved in a health economic analysis and publication. All recompense to my institution: Novartis; Financial Interests, Institutional, Coordinating PI, funding and drug for UK participation in a French-led Novartis-funded study. Institutional funding received for consultancy work: Novartis; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, one of three PIs for the Ameera-6 trial—which has now closed early as the company has stopped all development of the drug: Sanofi; Other, Chair of the board of this small Scottish charity for secondary breast cancer: Make Seconds Count; Other, Chair of the Board of B.I.G.—a group of international breast cancer research groups: Breast International Group; Other, Chair of the European Breast Cancer Council which organizes the bi-annual EBCC meetings: EBCC. J. Bergh: Research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi-Aventis to Karolinska Institutet and/or University Hospital. No personal payments. Co-author on a chapter on “Prognostic and Predictive factors in early, non-metastatic breast cancer” in UpToDate. Honoraria to Asklepios Medicin HB. Stocks in Stratipath AB, a company involved in Al-based diagnostics for breast cancer. Chairperson for Coronis and Asklepios Cancer Research HB. Honoraria from Roche and AstraZeneca for chairmanship and lectures at scientific meetings and consultations for Stratipath AB. H. Bonnefoi: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: AstraZeneca/ Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory role: Stratipath; Financial Interests, Institutional, Coordinating PI, UCBG3-06 prospective study: Bayer. T. Foukakis: Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: Roche, AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Novartis, Veracyte, Exact Sciences, Affibody; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pfizer; Financial Interests, Personal, Royalties, Authorship of two chapters in UpToDate: Wolters Kluwer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Coordinating PI, Clinical trial support (research grant and study drug): Pfizer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Sponsor and Coordinating PI, International co-PI of academic trial ARIADNE (EU CT: 2022-501504-95-00): AstraZeneca, Novartis, Veracyte. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.